From the Manufacturer:
We prepare our Blessed Thistle Extract from the whole flowering herb (without root) of Cnicus benedictus plants which have been Certified Organically Grown on our own farm without the use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides or herbicides.
To assure optimal extraction of Blessed Thistle's bioactive compounds, the plants are hand-harvested while in full flower, are carefully shade-dried to retain their full color & aroma, and are then thoroughly extracted.
Our Blessed Thistle is never fumigated or irradiated